Posts Tagged ‘Mexico’

The Bear and the Porcupine

Saturday, May 9th, 2009

In 2004, a consultant from SUNY who was working on legislative reform in Mexico City highly recommended Ambassador Jeffrey Davidow‘s recently-published The Bear and the Porcupine: The U.S. and Mexico.  I started reading the book then, started reading it in Spanish in 2007 and finally actually read it this week.  The same consultant spoke disparagingly of a career in the Foreign Service.  He was right about one thing, the book is great.

Davidow’s testimony, as he calls it, covers his tenure as U.S. Ambassador to Mexico from 1998 to 2002.  Vicente Fox’s election as President in 2000, Fox’s relationship with President Bush, the two dominant issues of drug trafficking and immigration, and the effects of 9/11 on Mexico-U.S. relations were the most interesting parts of the book for me reading it this week; but Davidow also provides insights into personalities in the recent and current Mexican administrations, does a thoughtful job of explaining the tensions between our two societies and tells a lot of great stories.  Throughout the book, he consistently praises and criticizes both countries, based on his knowledge of events.  The one main area where he seemed particularly interested in only criticizing one element was in regard to the Mexican press.  He does not like them, and the reader finds many examples throughout the book of their no-good nature.

Davidow is a funny writer, the kind you wish you could sit down and have a few margaritas with.  The book was favorably reviewed in Foreign Affairs and there is a revised edition that includes updates on U.S.-Mexico relations and comments on the 2006 presidential election in Mexico.  A Spanish translation of the book was also  published in 2004.  While I was reading the book in English, I kept wondering what Mexican readers would think of Davidow’s bluntness.  It’s obvious that he and his wife love Mexico and that he worked hard to improve bi-lateral relations, but I’d be curious to know how his informal writing style and blend of praise and shame come across to a reader from Mexico (in either language really).

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The Closing of the American Border

Friday, December 26th, 2008

Last week a senior manager at work suggested that our book club read Edward Alden’s The Closing of the American Border: Terrorism, Immigration, and Security Since 9/11.  The manager had just finished reading it and thought it would be interesting and pertinent to us.  I agree.  It provided a very clear explanation of the responses of the Bush Administration and Congress to 9/11 in terms of how our borders are managed.  As someone who wasn’t paying close attention until a few years ago, this book was very helpful because it explained the immediate past history of INS and Customs, the time line of the creation of and changes in DHS, the players, the recurring motifs, the political motivations and the interactions between DHS, the White House, Congress, DOS and enforcement and intelligence agencies.

Alden introduces the subject with some immigration clamp-down horror stories.  He tells a lot of these through the book and I think I agree with his Chertoff quote later in the book, that you shouldn’t be completely distracted by these.  The book starts in earnest with a description of the condition of our border management immediately prior to 9/11, then describes what President Bush thought he was going to do related to immigration as he entered office and what he ended up having to do instead.  Then Alden describes in detail the two different approaches to solving the border problem:  the cops and the technocrats.  At a high level, the cops want to use immigration violations as an excuse to arrest and detain people, to catch more terrorists, regardless of how this affects cross-border trade and international travel; and the technocrats want to use technology to find the terrorist before they enter the country with minimal disruption of trade and travel.  The chapters on cops and technocrats provide the main historical account of the creation of DHS and its early efforts.  The next chapter (“The Scapegoat”) tells the story of the State Department’s role in addressing the border problem and of Ambassador Mary Ryan and her political battle in particular.  The quotes from her grilling by Senator Diane Feinstein are chilling.  This chapter also provided a very telling profile of Secretary of State Colin Powell.

Next, Alden describes the problems caused by the  new border management policies and the triage attempted to solve the problems.   The technocrat Secretary Ridge ends up running a department of cops, with the notable exception of the US-VISIT program (the outbound component of which was later shelved by Secretary Chertoff).  The penultimate chapter chronicles the changes at DHS with the arrival of Secretary Chertoff and surveys the current status of border management.  The survey is a long list of problems.

Alden concludes with three recommendations. First, immigration enforcement and counterterrorism efforts are two different entities and need to be separated to be effective.  The twinning of these two efforts is one of the main aspects of our response to 9/11 in terms of border management and Alden provides many statistics, arguments and anecdotes throughout the book that show why this is a bad idea.  Second, we have to manage the risks of terrorism, not just completely close the country to protect ourselves from terrorists.  Alden points out that our strategic security also depends on economic health and diplomatic goodwill, both of which have been crushed by our post-9/11 border policies.  Which leads to the final recommendation that we need to be as serious about letting the good people in as we are about keeping the bad people out.

I thought this book was great.  I now have some way to come to grips with our immigration policies and border management policies, least in terms of understanding better how and why they have changed recently.  Recognizing that some of my giddiness about this book may just be due to familiarity with the subject and recognition of some of the named players, please feel free to read these other reviews by the Financial Times, Foreign Affairs,and Homeland Security Affairs.

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The Killing Fields

Saturday, October 11th, 2008

Our book club is discussing The Killing Fields: Harvest of Women later this month.  This title was chosen based on an unconfirmed recommendation from someone who does not attend the meetings.  Oops.  The book is terrible. I’m sure the author is a dedicated journalist and a human who is very concerned about the violent, mortal tragedies that occurred in Ciudad Juárez .  I hope that her investigative work and other activities helped bring about the punishment of some/any of the guilty and brought some comfort to the families of the murdered girls.  I also hope someone in the book club will be able to recommend a better (or just good) book on the terrible murders of young women here.

The book is one long string of facts, names, dates, coincidences, conspiracy theories, family connections, accusations, unanswered questions, vague implications and descriptions of corrupt Mexican politics.  There is a vague sense of chronological progress, but just barely.  I felt like the author had taken all the articles she had ever written about the subject, cut them up into separate two and three paragraph pieces, thrown them up in the air, and then pasted them into the book in some random order.  The author does break the book into “chapters” with titles, but then the paragraphs quickly and consistently veer away from the titles.  Due to the bad writing, I have no idea how much to trust the author.   Maybe everything she wrote is true, maybe not.

I’m going back to my books on Afghanistan and Iraq.

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The Border

Tuesday, October 7th, 2008

I met someone at work who is friends with David J. Danelo, the author of The Border: Exploring the U.S.-Mexican Divide. My new friend told me that Danelo recently traveled the entire US-Mexico border and had recorded his observations along the way.  My friend, a counter-insurgency wonk, said that Danelo was interested in the similarities between the insurgents in Iraq and the narcotraficantes in Mexico; sadly, there is not much in The Border about narcotraficantes as insurgents.  In the last chapter, Danelo spends a few pages discussing the hybrid nature of the war being fought amongst the narcotraficantes, DHS, DEA, the U.S. military and the Mexican military; and how hybrid war solutions from other parts of the world may need to be applied to parts of the border.  The next time Danelo is in town, I hope we can meet so I can hear more about his counter-insurgency ideas.

That disappointment aside, I really enjoyed the book.  For me, it was a great way to compare and contrast the other border towns with Ciudad Juárez.  Danelo did a great job of explaining how geography affected and affects politics and economics.  He also took a few deep dives into parts of the historical relationship between the two countries.  Danelo fleshes out the reason for his sub-title towards the end of the book.  He wants to make sure the reader thinks about the difference between the physical U.S.-Mexico border and the cultural American-Mexican border, which runs much farther north and is much more porous than the physical border.  The part of the book which struck me the hardest was his detailed description of the May 1997 killing of American citizen Zeke Hernandez by U.S. Marine Cpl. Clemente Banuelos.  His recounting of this tragedy and its politico-cultural ramifications is very important to understanding today’s hesitancy to involve the U.S. military in the border problems.

If you live on the border and/or just want to get an up-to-date account of life on the border, this is an easy place to start.   Danelo has a very personable writing style, an interesting viewpoint and takes the time to describe his feelings as well as his thoughts.

UPDATE: Here’s a December 2008 article by Danelo about border violence. My mother sent me a clipping of this article in the mail, bless her heart.

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