Posts Tagged ‘Pakistan’

The Accidental Guerrilla

Wednesday, May 27th, 2009

I had seen some pretty high-power reviews of David Kilcullen’s The Accidental Guerrilla: Fighting Small Wars in the Midst of a Big One start popping up, then a co-worker who’s acknowledged in the book’s Acknowledgements lent me her copy. Very, very interesting.  For starters, this is a good description of the difference between counterterrorism and counterinsurgency.  Kilcullen takes great pains throughout the book to make sure the reader understands and remembers why these two types of activities are different and how both their successful tactics and strategies differ from one another.

Kilcullen begins the book with a very thorough description of the accidental guerrilla.  In a nutshell, an accidental guerrilla is someone who falls into violent terrorist or insurgent ways due mainly to his economic, sociological, political and religious environments.  I think one of Kilcullen’s main points is that proper counterinsurgency actions both reduce the number of existing accidental guerrillas and reduce the likelihood of the creation of future accidental guerrillas,  hus increasing security.

Chapter Two covers the author’s experiences with counterinsurgency actions in Afghanistan from 2006-2008.  He contrasts them with the at-times inappropriate and insurgency-causing counterterrorism actions taken by the West (or at least, the part of the West fighting in Afghanistan).  Chapter Three covers part of the Surge in Iraq in 2007; again describing the effectiveness of counterinsurgency actions.  Both of these chapters are very detailed and include very thorough references.  Kilcullen was operating at a level in both countries which allowed him an effective balance between on the ground experience and access to high-level military and diplomatic leaders.  Because of this, his observations, analyses, criticisms and prognostications may be more likely to be accurate.  Chapter Four surveys insurgencies and counterinsurgency actions in smaller regions from Europe to Indonesia.  Both Chapter Five and the Conclusion discuss, again in great and interesting detail, how to move from counterterrorism to counterinsurgency actions, when and where needed.

The depth of The Accidental Guerrilla is in no way represented by this brief review.  The analysis work that Kilcullen has done on the causes of insurgency, the differences between insurgent and terrorist actions, the potential and real undesirable effects of counterterrorism actions against insurgents, and the way to move military, political and diplomatic actions towards counterinsurgency when needed is very detailed, documented well in the text and presented well to the reader. Reading this book and thinking about its implications both in the areas Kilcullen described and here in Mexico was like taking a very intense university course, in that the material was thorough, well-prepared and well-presented.

For indepth reviews, see  The NY Times, thearmchairgeneral.com, The Economist (below a review of Ricks’ The Gamble), Bacevich’s criticism and Kilcullen’s response.

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The Looming Tower

Tuesday, May 5th, 2009

I picked up a copy of Lawrence Wright’s Pulitzer Prize-winning The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 (Vintage) this weekend in Santa Fe.  Started reading it just to fill in a few minutes, then couldn’t stop reading it.  Apologies to all those who’s earlier recommendations of this book to me went unheeded until now.  You were all correct.  The Looming Tower is an amazing, revolting, fascinating and terrifying recounting of the life of Osama bin Laden, the history of al-Qaeda, the consequences of the broader Middle East Conflict and the tragically inefficient efforts of the U.S. intelligence community.

For me, aside from the detailed explanations of exactly how the repeated lack of inter-agency cooperation made the U.S. blind to first bin Laden, then to al-Qaeda, then to their plans, the main benefit of the book was gained from understanding part of the life of bin Laden.  To see how he started off in life, where he went, how he reacted to events in his life, who he listened to, how he changed and how he changed al-Qaeda was amazing.  The book would have been great in that sense even if it had stopped prior to 9/11.

Other than some Truthers who claim the USG destroyed the World Trade Center, the book is very favorably reviewed.   I, too, highly recommend it for anyone looking for an accessible explanation of bin Laden and al-Qaeda.

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The Great Partition: The making of India and Pakistan

Monday, December 8th, 2008

With no real guidance on where to start reading about Partition, I chose Yasmin Khan’s The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan.  Khan starts right off in 1946, with nods back to the end of WWII in 1945 and the connections amongst the end of the war, Britain’s failing power and the unrest in India.  The book is ordered chronologically, although the ten main chapters cover four years, so there’s not an immediate sense of temporal progress as you read.  That’s OK.  Khan is not trying to speed through anything.

The main things I learned from this book are that Britain was leaving and not concerned too much about what happened after they left,  the Congress and League leaders didn’t agree on the definition of Pakistan in any sense, no one knew what to do with Partition once they “received” it, and the people of India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh now) suffered greatly and are still suffering due to bad planning (I can’t think of the appropriately strong phrase for this type of bad planning) and religion.

I would recommend this book to someone wanting an introduction to Partition (if that someone wanted a recommendation from a guy who has only read one book on the subject).  That said, I get the idea that if I read a bunch of books on Partition, this one would then appear as a particular type of Partition book.  One trying to emphasize the haphazard execution of Partition, the tragedy involved for all the peoples and the background for today’s problems in amongst the involved countries.  I don’t plan on reading another text on Partition right now.  This one answered my questions and gave me plenty of historical data regarding the actions of Britain, the Congress, the League and the people of Mother India.

For my friends “in country,” do please feel free to send me other reading recommendations.  I’m going to scan back to the west a few degrees now, but I’m always particularly curious about the motivations of the Pakistani people and their leaders.

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The Dust of Empire

Wednesday, November 19th, 2008

For months, I have been scavanging the shelves of my area’s largest used book store, trying to find a copy of Peter Hopkirk’s The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia.  I finally broke down and ordered a new copy (pre-reading thanks to Dan C. and Meghan B. for the ringing endorsements).  During my last search though, I found Karl E. Meyer’s The Dust of Empire: The Race for Mastery in The Asian Heartland.  Turns out, this was a great book to read right after the Genghis Khan title (see previous entry).  Meyer and his wife Shareen Blair Brysac  also authored the larger, more detailed Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia (which I’ll eventually read, to complement The Great Game), but Dust was written to provide an introductory survey of the histories of the five Central Asian republics, the Caspian and the Caucasus, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan and Russia.

Meyer begins with a review of the British Empire’s method of rule, contrasted against American foreign policy trends.  In the prologue, he states that “the thesis of this book is that the moral and diplomatic dilemmas confronting Washington today differ in degree but not in kind from those that confronted Britain before World War I (emphasis added).“  He then spends a chapter on each of the countries/regions listed above, beginning though with Russia and the “long talons of memory.”  Meyer closes the book (in the winter of 2002 I think), with his thoughts on the direction that America should take, post 9/11.  He is a big fan of NATO and consensus-building, and makes a fairly strong argument (that looks much stronger in retrospect) regarding the American responsibility to take actions with consideration of other countries.

Whether or not one agrees with Meyer’s conclusions, I think he meets his objective of introducing the unconcerned American reader to the historical drama, tragedy and importance of these countries.  Also, his references to other works on the countries, regions and issues are extensive and useful.  If I was re-ordering the reading sequence of my books, I would place this one a little earlier in the program.

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Taliban

Sunday, September 28th, 2008

Several times in Descent into Chaos, Amhed Rashid made reference to his first work on the Taliban and how he would not repeat that story in Descent. So, having covered 2001 through early 2008 in Descent, I went back to learn more about the Taliban from the beginning (approximately 1994).  Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia covers the historical/political backdrop to the genesis of the Taliban, their history through mid-1999, their place in and affect on Islam, and the world’s reaction to them (the New Great Game).  It also has some great reference tools in the appendices.

Rashid’s style is easy to follow and he does not appear to editorialize too much.  He tries to credit and reference as much as he can, but a lot of his data comes from personal meetings with people in Afghanistan and Pakistan, not publicly published documents.

As Rashid ends Taliban, Musharraf has not yet been put into power through a military coup in Pakistan, Al Qaeda has not yet launched their 9/11 suicide attacks in the U.S.  and Ahmad Shah Masud has not yet been assassinated in his tent by Al Qaeda suicide bombers posing as journalists.  Thinking about these acts and the actions (and non-actions) of the world in response to them made it sad reading his last chapter on the future of Afghanistan.

I’m planning on reading a few books about the USA/Mexico border next; but when I return to my research on Afghanistan, I want to learn more about the creation of Pakistan.  The three books I’ve just read about Afghanistan’s modern history all demonize Pakistan.   Looks like to understand Afghanistan better, I’m going to need to understand Pakistan too.  Reading suggestions are welcome.

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